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Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…ng the underlying sale deed and mortgage. Her case, broadly, was that the property originally belonged to her father-in-law. After his death, the property allegedly devolved on multiple heirs. One heir is stated to have sold portions of the land as smaller plots. One such…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…owned as a risk by anyone, it becomes everyone’s problem later. Lessons for Underwriters The underwriter is not a title lawyer. But the underwriter must ask whether the collateral is practically enforceable. A property may have good market value but poor enforceability. It…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…whether refund with interest would bar specific performance, and whether the agreement was unenforceable or contrary to law. So the Bank went to court seeking specific performance — in simple terms, asking the court to compel the owner to complete what he had agreed to do.…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…ess is as important as fairness itself. The Leaf We Lost Along the Way India’s judicial system draws from a rich common law legacy. The system from which we inherited this framework did not eliminate delay—but it built strong norms around procedural predictability and admi…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…his informational asymmetry is the core issue. Not misuse. Not illegality. Timing. The Structural Incentive Embedded in Law Section 94 is not a loophole. It is a statutory right. But legal design shapes behaviour. When interim protection begins immediately upon filing, fil…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
Bangles: Behaviour, Duration & What Time Reveals ORNAMENT Sub Series : Gold Jewellery Funding : Episode 18 Sunita didn’t pledge her necklace again. She chose bangles. One bangle at first. Then another, a few months later. Each decision felt temporary Each pled…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…line. 7. Why Closure Was the Only Logical Endgame By 2020, RBI faced a choice: Option A: Keep patching a structurally flawed route Option B: Restore gold lending to its original economic role It chose Option B . Lessons from the Entire Cycle 1) The Empirical Question A pe…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…he skin of commerce 🔹 It highlights that advance payments + deferred benefit + pooled funds can trigger public deposit law, even if the product is marketed as a “purchase scheme” 🔹 It reinforces the distinction : When structured schemes stop being straightforward transac…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…windows, transparent communication, timely release of gold. What courts enforce: Right to redeem pledged property until lawfully extinguished. Why this matters: Exit denial transforms a civil lending dispute into a constitutional fairness issue. The deeper point (this is t…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…Legal Insight: Possession of gold increases duty of care, not immunity. (Supreme Court of India, 2024; reported by LiveLaw and The Times of India) 📌 Case Details (Custody & Chain of Control) Nature of case Gold loan custody / chain-of-control failure involving a co-opera…Read in full
Tractor & Rural Finance
…s) A frequent defence is: “We renew CC limits every year as well. Gold is even safer.” The comparison is intuitive—but flawed. A CC account: Tests itself daily through cash flows, Signals stress gradually, Forces action through erosion, DP mismatch, turnover decline. A gol…Read in full
Tractor & Rural Finance
An Empirical Examination of Risk Through Bank and Borrower Behaviour JEWELLERY BUSINESS SERIES - Episode 9 Across Indian banks, gold jewellery loans typically form just 2–10% of total advances , yet contribute 15–35% of incremental retail credit growth during…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…rozen obligations mature Nothing illegal happens that day. But timing stops cooperating . And the building reveals its flaw. Act 7: Different Banks, Different Outcomes Here’s the twist. The same building design exists everywhere. But the ground beneath it differs . PSU ban…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
Jewellery Business Series - Episode 7 Across multiple jewellery clusters, a recurring structure emerges — what I refer to as the Gold Timing Mismatch Pattern — where customer money arrives before gold is actually owned or hedged, creating temporary liquidity c…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…ver grams are NOT collateral. Any lending structure that assumes this “conversion margin” is a buffer is fundamentally flawed. If GML goes wrong, this so-called buffer: cannot be seized cannot be melted cannot be auctioned cannot be valued cannot be enforced legally It sim…Read in full
AI & Digital Lending
…agged that One Card’s tech stack had too much access to customer transaction data — something only the issuing bank can lawfully control. The regulator’s concern was fundamental: If the fintech controls the decision engine + data + infrastructure , then who is truly lendin…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…al analysis, and education within a professional context — which aligns with fair use principles under Indian copyright law. No ownership, endorsement, or commercial association is claimed. All artworks remain the exclusive intellectual property of their rightful owners ,…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…thics yields to expedience. In 2018, the Punjab National Bank – Nirav Modi case exposed how human choices — not system flaws — bypassed SWIFT protocols. Technology worked; integrity didn’t. In 2020, Yes Bank’s governance collapse showed how ignoring internal warning signs…Read in full
AI & Digital Lending
…— CC, OD, LC, BG, WCDL — draws from that root. If one branch over-grows, the system should stop it. In theory, that’s flawless. In practice, today’s banks don’t have one tree . They have a forest — each Loan Origination System (LOS) growing its own version. Retail LOS, SM…Read in full
AI & Digital Lending
Whose baby is it, really? Credit? Operations? Compliance? Pre-disbursement or sanction stage? That question echoes in every credit committee. And it’s the perfect place to start, because the Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) isn’t just a compliance item — it’s a v…Read in full
AI & Digital Lending
Fraud Prevention Series The frontline reality A branch approves small‑ticket MSME loans on a tight 48‑hour TAT. Day 1, Hunter throws a “match on mobile + address” alert. Day 2, CFR flags a name similar to a prior fraud, but the branch freezes, the borrower wal…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
Policy Vs Practice Series Policy Intent When the SARFAESI Act was introduced in 2002, it was hailed as a game-changer. For the first time, banks in India could enforce security interests without the long wait of civil courts . The intent was clear: empower len…Read in full
AI & Digital Lending
BEYOND RATIO SERIES Introduction - Account Aggregator - Microfinance Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have long been the torchbearers of financial inclusion, extending credit to India’s most underserved populations. But in a world that's fast digitizing, MFIs…Read in full
AI & Digital Lending
…s, and stock statements. It’s a framework meant to standardize risk — but what if that very framework is fundamentally flawed? The dominant narrative in credit underwriting still worships the “current ratio,” the “turnover method,” and projections derived from last year’s…Read in full
AI & Digital Lending
…d's distress signs — until it's too late. Technology App permissions auto-approved because “someone must’ve vetted it.” Law Enforcement Cases left untouched because “another jurisdiction is surely handling it.” Housing Societies Fake maintenance requests or fraud contracto…Read in full
AI & Digital Lending
The Sahara Story Reader Prompt “You’ve been writing about how bias shapes our decisions. Is this also a case of bias?” someone asked me, forwarding a clipping about unclaimed Sahara deposits. I paused. Because the question wasn’t rhetorical. Sahara Refund Open…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…"under digital arrest" and must cooperate to avoid public shame or legal action. No such legal concept exists in Indian law. But people comply—because it feels official. The Hook: How They Do It Spoofed Call : Appears to come from a government agency. Accusation : Aadhaar,…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
How artificial deadlines make us bypass logic and fall into deception. 🧾 REAL STORY: A Missed Package, A Costly Click Kochi, 2023 Rajesh, a small business owner, received an SMS on a busy Monday morning: “Blue Dart: Package delivery failed due to incorrect KY…Read in full
Tractor & Rural Finance
…cross rural Tamil Nadu unfolded in late 2024 , with the first reports emerging by December 2024 . Police Action : Local law enforcement were alerted in January 2025 , with FIRs registered shortly afterward. By February 2025 , the man had been identified as a fraud and deta…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…ack it — our instinct is to believe. Especially in India, where bureaucracy still commands social reverence . He quoted laws → He must know the system He spoke fluent English → He must be educated He used big words and official seals → Who questions such a man? He was a "g…Read in full
AI & Digital Lending
…sleek interfaces and fake emails. In villages, we fall for sweet words and familiar smiles. Both are faces of the same flaw — the human hunger to trust, and the mental shortcut that turns belief into blindness. 🧠 But Wasn’t It Farming? No — It Was a Ponzi. At first glance…Read in full
AI & Digital Lending
…action. While STP has improved efficiency, it also removes the last layer of empathy and scrutiny . A model trained on flawed assumptions doesn’t just deny one loan — it silently filters out millions . And since STP doesn’t pause to question itself, the damage happens at s…Read in full
Tractor & Rural Finance
…ing calculations. Yet we take great pride in quoting a higher figure on paper @ 10 hours working per day. Actually, the law of average incomes works better in this business. Try finding out from your customer how much he makes instead of bracket fitting his incomes into a…Read in full
AI & Digital Lending
…an agreement . 👉 Have you faced hidden charges in digital lending? Share your experience! #Fintech #AIlending #FinancialAwareness #LoanRisks #Banking This is just the beginning of a series of small write ups on the topic. These are jottings of CUG discussions with contrib…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…of not receiving it back, is accountable to his investors / public, and has also got to act responsibly adhering to the laws of the land and is expected to share negative experiences for common good of brethren. Yet the thought process trails on patterns. Can we catch the…Read in full
Fraud, Ethics & Governance
…ier / counter-party, who rely on the declared information. If material information is not declared by an applicant, the law will seek to ascertain if due diligence process was conducted. The law will also seek to understand the efficiency of the due diligence as a process,…Read in full
Tractor & Rural Finance
…at has been observed. Depreciation differs based on demand and supply. Caveat Emptor holds good here....Buyer Beware !! Law of Averages. The used market generally targets tractors between 3 - 6 years. The problems in this segment is broadly known for the respective model a…Read in full